Fig. 3

Patient 3. a) Time resolved MRA of the right elbow demonstrates arterial feeder with a nidal component of the AVM (arrowhead) and large venous varicosities (arrow). b) Digital subtraction angiogram at the time of arterial injection demonstrates a large high flow nidus arising from the radial artery. Note that simultaneous venous access has been established (arrow) c) Arterial inflow occluded with the (Scepter C, Microvention Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA, USA) occlusion balloon (arrow). d) angiography post initial treatment demonstrated residual nidus (arrow) and further treatment using Onyx and PHIL was performed. e) and f) arterial and venous injections respectively with remaining venous flow demonstrated (arrow). 3% sodium tetradecyl sulphate with contrast was subsequently injected to occlude venous outflow