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CVIR Endovascular
Fig. 7 | CVIR Endovascular

Fig. 7

From: Standardizing lymphangiography and lymphatic interventions: a preclinical in vivo approach with detailed procedural steps

Fig. 7

Illustration of interstitial MRL in a pig model. After interstitial injection of gadoxetate disodium at the bilateral foot dorsal, a dynamic coronal 3D-TWIST scan was performed. Thirty minutes later, the definite thoracic duct (white arrowheads) started from cisterna chyli (white arrow) was visualized (A). Afterwards, a 3D-FLASH scan was performed, which presented the continuous lymphatic network surrounding bilateral iliac arteries and veins (white arrowheads; B) to retroperitoneal lymphatic vessels (white arrowheads; C) and thoracic duct (white arrowhead; D, E). Coronal 3D-FLASH MIP image demonstrated a clear structure of retroperitoneal lymphatic vessels, cisterna chyli (white arrow), and proximal thoracic duct (white arrowheads) (F). Images were from Pig No. 11. Abbreviations: MRL, magnetic resonance lymphangiography; 3D-TWIST, three-dimensional time-resolved angiography with interleaved stochastic trajectories; 3D-FLASH, three-dimensional fast low angle shot; MIP, maximum intensity projection

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