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CVIR Endovascular
Fig. 5 | CVIR Endovascular

Fig. 5

From: Standardizing lymphangiography and lymphatic interventions: a preclinical in vivo approach with detailed procedural steps

Fig. 5

Illustration of lipiodol-based laparoscopic INL in a pig model. After laparotomic exposure of the mesentery, the translucent lymph node (white arrowhead) was punctured using a 22-gauge Chiba needle (A). Under fluoroscopy monitoring, a small amount of lipiodol (1 ml) was first injected. The opacification of the targeted lymph node and efferent lymphatic vessels (white arrowheads) indicated an ideal needle position (B). Afterwards, continuous injection of lipiodol visualized the mesenteric lymphatics (white arrowheads; C), mesenteric lymph nodes (*; C), cisterna chyli (*; D), and thoracic duct (white arrowheads; E). The MIP image of the following post-lymphangiography CT presented the details between lymphatic structures such as cisterna chyli (*) and thoracic duct (white arrowheads) to the surrounding tissue (F). Images were from Pig No. 4. Abbreviations: INL, intranodal lymphangiography; MIP, maximum intensity projection; CT, computed tomography

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