Fig. 2

Interstitial dye test with the PLL identification. Fifteen minutes after the interdigital (imaginary circle) injection of Patent Blue V (A) at the right foot (1 ml per each interdigital space), the subcutaneous lymphatic vessels at the lower limb (B) and thigh (C) were dyed blue color which could be visually observed. With more time, PLL could be identified by the blue dye extravasation (white arrowheads) from the incision around the arterial sheath (D). Images were from Pig No. 3. Abbreviation: PLL, postoperative lymphatic leakage