Table 1 Characteristics and procedure details for patients undergoing angiography and embolization for recurrent hemarthrosis of the knee
From: Endovascular management of recurrent hemarthrosis of the knee: a case series
Patient | Age | Gender | Post-TKA | Angiographic findings | Embolic agent | No of vessels embolised | Vessels embolised | Recurrence | Further management |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 82 | M | Y | Pseudoaneurysm | Coils × 2 | 1 | ILGA | No | – |
2 | 78 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 2 | SLGA | Yes | Surgery (arthroscopic synovectomy and ablation) |
SMGA | |||||||||
3 | 74 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 1 | SLGA | No | – |
4 | 67 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 1 | SMGA | Yes | Repeat embolization |
4a |  |  |  | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 5 | SLGA | No | – |
IMGA | |||||||||
ILGA | |||||||||
MGA | |||||||||
Other | |||||||||
5 | 22 | M | N | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 3 | SMGA | No | – |
ILGA | |||||||||
MGA | |||||||||
6 | 61 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 3 | SMGA | No | – |
SLGA | |||||||||
MGA | |||||||||
7 | 83 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 3 | SLGA | No | – |
IMGA | |||||||||
RB ATA | |||||||||
8 | 84 | M | N | Pseudoaneurysm & hypervascularity | Coils × 4 | 2 | SMGA | No | – |
PVA particles | ILGA (pseudoaneurysm) | ||||||||
9 | 71 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 3 | SMGA | Yes | Repeat embolization |
SLGA | |||||||||
MGA | |||||||||
9a |  |  |  | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 5 | SLGA | No | – |
SMGA | |||||||||
MGA | |||||||||
IMGA | |||||||||
RB ATA | |||||||||
10 | 75 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | Gelfoam | 2 | SMGA | No | – |
MGA | |||||||||
11 | 76 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 1 | SMGA | No | – |
12 | 71 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | Gelfoam | 2 | SLGA | No | – |
MGA | |||||||||
13 | 56 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 3 | SMGA | Yes | Repeat embolization |
SLGA | |||||||||
MGA | |||||||||
13a |  |  |  | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 3 | SMGA | No | – |
SLGA | |||||||||
ILGA | |||||||||
14 | 55 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 2 | SLGA | No | – |
SMGA | |||||||||
15 | 78 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 2 | SLGA | Yes | Cessation of anti-platelet agent |
SMGA | |||||||||
16 | 81 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | Gelfoam | 1 | ILGA | No | – |
17 | 54 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 1 | SLGA | Yes | Surgery (revision TKA) |
18 | 55 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 3 | SLGA | No | – |
SMGA | |||||||||
MGA | |||||||||
19 | 77 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 3 | SLGA | No | – |
SMGA | |||||||||
MGA | |||||||||
20 | 64 | M | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 2 | SLGA | No | – |
MGA | |||||||||
21 | 62 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 1 | SMGA | No | – |
22 | 67 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 1 | MGA | No | – |
23 | 62 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 2 | SLGA | No | – |
SMGA | |||||||||
24 | 58 | M | Y | Hypervascularity | – | – | – | – | – |
25 | 60 | F | Y | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 2 | SGA | – | Repeat procedure due to vasospasm |
ASG | |||||||||
25a | Â | Â | Â | Hypervascularity | PVA particles | 3 | DGA / SMGA | No | Â |
ASG × 2 |