Table 5 Levels of Evidence Adapted from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons and Johns Hopkins nursing evidence-based practice: Models and Guidelines (Burns et al. 2011; Dang and Dearholt 2017)
From: Review of proximal splenic artery embolization in blunt abdominal trauma
Level | Description |
|---|---|
I | High quality prospective RCTs, cohort studies with adequate power or systematic review of these studies |
II | Lower quality prospective cohort, retrospective cohort study, RCT with untreated controls, or a systematic review/meta-analysis of these studies |
III | Case-control study or systematic review/meta-analysis of these studies |
IV | Case Series, consensus statements, society guidelines, practice guidelines |
V | Expert Opinion: case report, clinical example, narrative reviews |