Carbon dioxide angiography during peripheral angioplasty procedures significantly reduces the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with chronic kidney disease

CVIR Endovascular

Table 3 Univariate regression analysis of risk modifiers

Covariate	Odds Ratio	95% CI	P value
Age	0.99	0.95–1.02	0.52
Diabetes	1.51	0.66–3.45	0.33
Heart failure	1.42	0.59–3.46	0.44
Hypertension	1.11	0.45–2.72	0.82
Anaemia	1.90	0.61–5.92	0.27
CKD 4 or 5 (GFR < 30 mls/min/1.73m² vs CKD 3 (30–59 mls/min/1.73m²)	1.35	0.56–3.27	0.51
Hypoalbuminemia	1.23	0.52–2.88	0.64
Contrast ≥25mls	6.52	1.48–28.8	0.01
Contrast volume	0.7 ± 0.3% per ml	0.2–1.3% per ml	0.009