Fig. 1
From: Endovascular approaches in pediatric interventional oncology
T2- weighted fat saturated coronal (a) MR image demonstrating a large hepatocellular carcinoma in a 2-year-old male patient which was unresponsive to systemic chemotherapy. b Angiography obtained during transcatheter arterial chemoembolization demonstrating several hepatic arterial branches encasing and supplying the tumor (arrows). These feeders were injected with 30 mg of doxorubicin emulsified with lipiodol followed by embolization with 150–250-μm poly vinyl alcohol particles confirmed on cone-beam computed tomography (c) obtained post embolization demonstrating the radio-opaque embolization beads in the tumor bed (arrows). d Post embolization T1- weighted post contrast coronal MRI obtained 3 weeks later demonstrating heterogeneous necrotic area (dotted line) within the tumor. Coronal computed tomography obtained 3 weeks (e) after the first TACE procedure and 3 weeks (f) after the second TACE procedure demonstrating increasing necrotic areas within the tumor (asterisk). The patient underwent a successful liver transplant 6 weeks later