Fig. 3

A middle-aged man with hepatic hydrothorax and isolated persistent left superior vena cava. a Left internal jugular venography demonstrating the isolated persistent left superior vena cava (solid arrow). b Access from the left internal jugular vein into the portal system via the left superior vena cava and coronary sinus using intravascular ultrasound-guidance (solid arrow). c The right portal vein was accessed with a Rösch-Uchida needle, and simultaneous portal and caval venography was performed. A perpendicular-projecting intravascular ultrasound probe (solid arrow) is shown. d An 8–10-mm × 8-cm (covered) / 2-cm (uncovered) Viatorr controlled expansion stent-graft (solid arrow) was deployed with resultant brisk in-line flow