Year | Author and reference | Patient number | Clinical presentation | Performance of LAG and post-LAG CT | Types of percutaneous intervention after LAG | Guidance modality | Agents | Technical success | Clinical success |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002 | Cope C, et al. (Cope and Kaiser 2002) | 42 | Chylothorax | TL | TDE | Fluoroscopy | Coils, PVA, or NBCA. | 89.6% | 84.6% |
TDD | 21- or 22-gauge needle | 43.8% | |||||||
2005 | Binkert CA, et al. (Binkert, Yucel et al. 2005) | 8 | Chylothorax | TL | TDE | Fluoroscopy | Coils + NBCA | 100.0% | 100.0% |
TDD | 21-gauge needle | 100.0% | |||||||
2008 | Boffa DJ, et al. (Boffa et al. 2008) | 37 | Chylothorax | TL | TDE | Fluoroscopy | NBCA ± coils | 57.1% | 100.0% |
TDD | 22-gauge needle | 66.7% | |||||||
2010 | Itkin M, et al. (Itkin et al. 2010) | 109 | Chylothorax/chylopericardium/cervical chylous fistula | TL | TDE | Fluoroscopy | NBCA or Onyx ± coils | 67.0% | 90.1% |
TDD | 21- or 22-gauge needle | 72.2% | |||||||
2014 | Kortes N, et al. (Kortes et al. 2014) | 18 | Inguinal lymphocele/pelvic lymphocele/abdominal lymphatic leakage/chylothorax | TL and post-LAG CT | ALVS | CT | Ethanol | 100.0% | 77.8% |
2016 | Baek Y, et al. (Baek et al. 2016a) | 5 | Pelvic lymphocele | INL | ALVE | Fluoroscopy | NBCA | 100.0% | 75.0% |
2016 | Baek Y, et al. (Baek et al. 2016b) | 21 | Pelvic lymphatic leakage | INL | DLE | Fluoroscopy | NBCA | 100.0% | 85.0% |
ALVE | NBCA | ||||||||
TNE | NBCA | ||||||||
2016 | Hur S, et al. (Hur et al. 2016) | 27 | Chylothorax / chylous ascites/lymphoceles / skin fistula | INL | DLE | Fluoroscopy / Cone-beam CT | NBCA | 89.3% | 93.8% |
ALVE | NBCA | ||||||||
TNE | NBCA | ||||||||
2017 | Kariya S, et al. (Kariya, Nakatani et al. 2017) | 5 | Chylothorax | INL | TDE | Fluoroscopy | NBCA | 100.0% | 100.0% |
2017 | Yannes M, et al. (Yannes et al. 2017) | 57 | Chylothorax | INL | TDE | Fluoroscopy / CT / Sonography | NBCA + Coils | 63.6% | 90.5% |
TDD | 21- or 22-gauge needle | 41.7% | |||||||
2018 | Majdalany BS, et al. (Majdalany et al. 2018) | 11 | Chylothorax | INL | TDE | Fluoroscopy | NBCA ± Coils | 37.5% | 100.0% |
TDD | 22-gauge needle | 66.7% | |||||||
2018 | Nadolski GJ, et al. (Nadolski and Itkin 2018) | 31 | Refractory chylous ascites | TL/INL | DLE | Fluoroscopy | Coils + NBCA | 100.0% | 81.8% |
TNE | NBCA | ||||||||
2018 | Nadolski GJ, et al. (Nadolski and Itkin 2018) | 50 | Chylothorax | TL/INL | TDE | Fluoroscopy | Coils + NBCA, NBCA, Onyx, or autologous blood. | 98.0% | 91.8% |
TDD | 21or 22-gauge needle | 0.0% | |||||||
2018 | Reisenauer JS, et al. (Reisenauer et al. 2018) | 97 | Chylothorax | TL | TDE | Fluoroscopy | Coils, NBCA, Onyx, or Gelfoam. | 47.5% | 78.9% |
2018 | Smolock AR, et al. (Smolock et al. 2018) | 10 | Inguinal lymphocele and lymphorrhea | INL | TNE | Fluoroscopy | NBCA | 100.0% | 80.0% |
2018 | Yildirim IO, et al. (Yildirim et al. 2018) | 13 | Pelvic lymphocele | INL | DLE | Fluoroscopy / Cone-beam CT | NBCA | 100.0% | 88.9% |
2018 | Chu HH, et al. (Chu et al. 2019) | 9 | Pelvic Lymphocele | INL | DLE | Fluoroscopy | NBCA | 100.0% | 100.0% |
TNE | NBCA | ||||||||
2019 | Kim SW, et al. (Kim et al. 2019) | 33 | Pelvic lymphocele | INL | TNE | Fluoroscopy / Sonography | NBCA | 100.0% | 83.3% |
DLS | Ethanol | 43.8% |