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Fig. 8 | CVIR Endovascular

Fig. 8

From: The roles of iodized oil-based lymphangiography and post-lymphangiographic computed tomography for specific lymphatic intervention planning in patients with postoperative lymphatic fistula: a literature review and case series

Fig. 8

A patient underwent a TNE procedure after post-LAG CT. Note: The conventional iodized oil-based LAG shows the obvious extravasation (white arrowhead) from multiple afferent LVs and LNs in the right pelvis (a). One (1) hour later, the post-LAG CT (b) was sequentially performed which shows similar findings (white arrowhead) and identifies seven definite afferent LNs (*). The TNE was carried out with a CT-controlled percutaneous puncture of seven afferent LNs (c). After the embolization with the histoacryl/lipiodol mixture (1:1), the optimal distribution of the histoacryl/lipiodol mixture in afferent LNs and LVs is observed (d). Abbreviations: TNE – trans-afferent nodal embolization; post-LAG CT – post-lymphangiographic computed tomography; LAG – lymphangiography; MIP – maximum intensity projection; LVs – lymphatic vessels; LNs – lymph nodes

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