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CVIR Endovascular
Fig. 5 | CVIR Endovascular

Fig. 5

From: The roles of iodized oil-based lymphangiography and post-lymphangiographic computed tomography for specific lymphatic intervention planning in patients with postoperative lymphatic fistula: a literature review and case series

Fig. 5

A patient underwent a DLS procedure after post-LAG CT. Note: Conventional iodized oil-based LAG showed the extravasation (black arrowhead) from the left iliac LVs (a). From the sagittal (b) and axial MIP (c) images of post-LAG CT is demonstrated an obvious LF (white arrowhead) from the iliac LVs into the peripheral lymphocele around the transplanted kidney. The afferent LNs could be identified (*). A pigtail drainage catheter was inserted into the lymphocele before the local sclerotherapy (d). After running out of all the lymphatic fluid, 15 ml of 95% Ethanol as the sclerosant was injected to flush the lymphocele and then this was drawn out twice. Eight (8) days after DLS, the CT scan revealed very limited residual lymphatic fluid (e, f). Abbreviations: DLS – direct leakage sclerotherapy; post-LAG CT – post-lymphangiographic computed tomography; LAG – lymphangiography; LVs – lymphatic vessels; MIP – maximum intensity projection; LF – lymphatic fistula; LNs – lymph nodes

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