Table 3 Reported major procedural complication rates during IVC filter removal

Standard loop snare

0% (Asch 2002; Tashbayev et al. 2016; Zakhary et al. 2008) (Ahmed et al. 2020)

0.4% (Brahmandam et al. 2019)

5% (Al-Hakim et al. 2014)

Access complications (pneumothorax, jugular vein thrombosis) (Terhaar et al. 2004)

Bronchial forceps

0.8% (Stavropoulos et al. 2015)

6.7% (Tavri et al. 2019)

8.3% (Lian et al. 2019)

11.8% (Al-Hakim et al. 2014)

Leg fracture with embolization (Lee et al. 2018; Poliwoda et al. 2019). Contrast extravasation/RP hemorrhage (Lian et al. 2019). Renal artery to IVC fistula (DeSai et al. 2019; Ferral 2019)

Laser-assisted removal

0% (von Stempel et al. 2019)

1.6% (Kuo et al. 2017)

3% (Kuo et al. 2013)

Caval thrombosis, caval injury with hemorrhage needing stent graft placement

Sling technique

0% (Rubenstein et al. 2007)

1.9% (Al-Hakim et al. 2014)

20% (Brahmandam et al. 2019)

IVC dissection, contrast extravasation, strut fracture